Scalable Synthesis of SiOx-TiON Composite As an Ultrastable Anode for Li-Ion Half/Full Batteries.

Among various anode materials, SiOx is regarded as the next generation of promising anode due to its advantages of high theoretical capacity with 2680 mA h g-1, low lithium voltage platform, and rich natural resources. However, the pure SiOx-based materials have slow lithium storage kinetics attributed to their low electron/ion conductive properties and the large volume change during lithiation/delithiation, restricting their practical application. Optimizing the SiOx material structures and the fabricating methods to mitigate these fatal defects and adapt to the market demand for energy density is critical. Hence, SiOx material with TiO1-xNx phase modification has been prepared by simple, low-cost, and scalable ball milling and then combined with nitridation. Consequently, based on the TiO1-xNx modified layer, which boosts high ionic/electronic conductivity, chemical stability, and excellent mechanical properties, the SiOx@TON-10 electrode shows highly stable lithium-ion storage performance for lithium-ion half/full batteries due to a stable solid-electrolyte interface layer, fast Li+ transport channel, and alleviative volumetric expansion, further verifying its practical feasibility and universal applicability.

Characterizing the Behavior of Water Interacting With a Nano-Pore Material: A Structural Investigation in Native Environment Using Magnetic Resonance Approaches.

The study of fluid absorption, particularly that of water, into nanoporous materials has garnered increasing attention in the last decades across a broad range of disciplines. However, most investigation approaches to probe such behaviors are limited by characterization conditions. In this study, a combined MRI and MAS NMR method was used to study a nanoporous silica glass to acquire information about its structural framework and interactions with confined water. Specifically, MRI was used for a quantitative analysis of water extent. While MAS NMR techniques provided structural information of silicate materials, including interactive surface area and framework packing. Analysis of water spin-spin relaxation times (T2) suggested differences in water confinement within the characterized framework. Subsequent unsuccessful delivery of paramagnetic molecule into the pores enabled a quantitative assessment of the dimensions that "bottleneck" the pores. Finally, pore sizes were derived from the molecular size, density function theory (DFT) simulation and characterizations on standard samples. Our result matches with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis.. The use of a paramagnetic probe for pore size determination introduces a new approach of characterization in the liquid phase, offering an alternative to the conventional BET analysis that uses gas molecule as probes.

Liposome Nanomedicine Based on Tumor Cell Lysate Mitigates the Progression of Lynch Syndrome-Associated Colon Cancer.

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown efficacy in some patients with Lynch syndrome-associated colon cancer, but some patients still do not benefit from it. In this study, we adopted a combination strategy of tumor vaccines and ICIs to maximize the benefits of immunotherapy. Here, we obtained tumor-antigen-containing cell lysate (TCL) by lysing MC38Mlh1 KD cells and prepared liposome nanoparticles (Lipo-PEG) with a typical spherical morphology by thin-film hydration. Anti-PD-L1 was coupled to the liposome surface by the amidation reaction. As observed, anti-PD-L1/TCL@Lipo-PEG was not significantly toxic to mouse intestinal epithelial cells (MODE-K) in the safe concentration range and did not cause hemolysis of mouse red blood cells. In addition, anti-PD-L1/TCL@Lipo-PEG reduced immune escape from colon cancer cells (MC38Mlh1 KD) by the anti-PD-L1 antibody, restored the killing function of CD8+ T cells, and targeted more tumor antigens to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which also expressed PD-L1, to stimulate BMDC antigen presentation. In syngeneic transplanted Lynch syndrome-associated colon cancer mice, the combination of anti-PD-L1 and TCL provided better cancer suppression than monoimmunotherapy, and the cancer suppression effect of anti-PD-L1/TCL@Lipo-PEG treatment was even better than that of the free drug. Meanwhile anti-PD-L1/TCL@Lipo-PEG enhanced the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In vivo fluorescence imaging and H&E staining showed that the nanomedicine was mainly retained in the tumor site and had no significant toxic side effects on other major organs. The anti-PD-L1/TCL@Lipo-PEG prepared in this study has high efficacy and good biosafety in alleviating the progression of Lynch syndrome-associated colon cancer, and it is expected to be a therapeutic candidate for Lynch syndrome-associated colon cancer.

Near telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies of two Chlorella species unveil the composition and evolution of centromeres in green algae.

BACKGROUND: Centromeres play a crucial and conserved role in cell division, although their composition and evolutionary history in green algae, the evolutionary ancestors of land plants, remains largely unknown. RESULTS: We constructed near telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assemblies for two Trebouxiophyceae species, Chlorella sorokiniana NS4-2 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa DBH, with chromosome numbers of 12 and 13, and genome sizes of 58.11 Mb and 53.41 Mb, respectively. We identified and validated their centromere sequences using CENH3 ChIP-seq and found that, similar to humans and higher plants, the centromeric CENH3 signals of green algae display a pattern of hypomethylation. Interestingly, the centromeres of both species largely comprised transposable elements, although they differed significantly in their composition. Species within the Chlorella genus display a more diverse centromere composition, with major constituents including members of the LTR/Copia, LINE/L1, and LINE/RTEX families. This is in contrast to green algae including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, and Chromochloris zofingiensis, in which centromere composition instead has a pronounced single-element composition. Moreover, we observed significant differences in the composition and structure of centromeres among chromosomes with strong collinearity within the Chlorella genus, suggesting that centromeric sequence evolves more rapidly than sequence in non-centromeric regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study not only provides high-quality genome data for comparative genomics of green algae but gives insight into the composition and evolutionary history of centromeres in early plants, laying an important foundation for further research on their evolution.

Graphene Quantum Dots Eradicate Resistant and Metastatic Cancer Cells by Enhanced Interfacial Inhibition.

Drug-resistant and metastatic cancer cells such as a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in metastasis and relapse. Conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics, however, are unable to eradicate drug-resistant CSCs owing to limited interface inhibitory effects. Herein, it is reported that enhanced interfacial inhibition leading to eradication of drug-resistant CSCs can be dramatically induced by self-insertion of bioactive graphene quantum dots (GQDs) into DNA major groove (MAG) sites in cancer cells. Since transcription factors regulate gene expression at the MAG site, MAG-targeted GQDs exert greatly enhanced interfacial inhibition, downregulating the expression of a collection of cancer stem genes such as ALDH1, Notch1, and Bmi1. Moreover, the nanoscale interface inhibition mechanism reverses cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) by inhibiting MDR1 gene expression when GQDs are used at a nontoxic concentration (1/4 × half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) as the MDR reverser. Given their high efficacy in interfacial inhibition, CSC-mediated migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells can be substantially blocked by MAG-targeted GQDs, which can also be harnessed to sensitize clinical cytotoxic agents for improved efficacy in combination chemotherapy. These findings elucidate the inhibitory effects of the enhanced nano-bio interface at the MAG site on eradicating CSCs, thus preventing cancer metastasis and recurrence.

T2-weighted imaging-based radiomic-clinical machine learning model for predicting the differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The study on predicting the differentiation grade of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been reported yet. Developing a non-invasive model to predict the differentiation grade of CRC is of great value. AIM: To develop and validate machine learning-based models for predicting the differentiation grade of CRC based on T2-weighted images (T2WI). METHODS: We retrospectively collected the preoperative imaging and clinical data of 315 patients with CRC who underwent surgery from March 2018 to July 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 220) or a validation cohort (n = 95) at a 7:3 ratio. Lesions were delineated layer by layer on high-resolution T2WI. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to screen for radiomic features. Radiomics and clinical models were constructed using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm. These radiomic features and clinically relevant variables (selected based on a significance level of P < 0.05 in the training set) were used to construct radiomics-clinical models. The performance of the three models (clinical, radiomic, and radiomic-clinical model) were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: After feature selection, eight radiomic features were retained from the initial 1781 features to construct the radiomic model. Eight different classifiers, including logistic regression, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbours, random forest, extreme trees, extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and MLP, were used to construct the model, with MLP demonstrating the best diagnostic performance. The AUC of the radiomic-clinical model was 0.862 (95%CI: 0.796-0.927) in the training cohort and 0.761 (95%CI: 0.635-0.887) in the validation cohort. The AUC for the radiomic model was 0.796 (95%CI: 0.723-0.869) in the training cohort and 0.735 (95%CI: 0.604-0.866) in the validation cohort. The clinical model achieved an AUC of 0.751 (95%CI: 0.661-0.842) in the training cohort and 0.676 (95%CI: 0.525-0.827) in the validation cohort. All three models demonstrated good accuracy. In the training cohort, the AUC of the radiomic-clinical model was significantly greater than that of the clinical model (P = 0.005) and the radiomic model (P = 0.016). DCA confirmed the clinical practicality of incorporating radiomic features into the diagnostic process. CONCLUSION: In this study, we successfully developed and validated a T2WI-based machine learning model as an auxiliary tool for the preoperative differentiation between well/moderately and poorly differentiated CRC. This novel approach may assist clinicians in personalizing treatment strategies for patients and improving treatment efficacy.

Comparison of the efficacy, safety and postoperative quality of life between modified side overlap anastomosis and double-tract anastomosis after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical safety and postoperative quality of life (QOL) between side overlap anastomosis (SOA) and double-tract anastomosis (DTA) after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 43 patients with proximal gastric cancer (PGC) who underwent LPG and were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between August 2020 and December 2022 were in. Their clinical and follow-up data were collected. The patients were divided into the modified SOA (mSOA) (n = 20) and DTA (n = 23) groups based on the anastomosis methods used. The main outcome measures included the QOL of patients 1 year after surgery, and the evaluation criteria were based on the postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale. Secondary outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative conditions, postoperative long-term complications and nutritional status 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in intraoperative and postoperative conditions (P > 0.05) between the mSOA and DTA groups. The mSOA group showed a decreased incidence of reflux esophagitis 1 year after surgery compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05), and no statistically significant differences were noticed between the two groups in terms of other postoperative complications (P > 0.05). The mSOA group showed better QOL when compared with the DTA group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in postoperative nutritional status between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of LPG with mSOA for PGC were comparable. When compared with the DTA group, the mSOA group seems to show reduced incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and improved QOL, which makes mSOA one of the ideal surgical methods for PGC.

NextDenovo: an efficient error correction and accurate assembly tool for noisy long reads.

Long-read sequencing data, particularly those derived from the Oxford Nanopore sequencing platform, tend to exhibit high error rates. Here, we present NextDenovo, an efficient error correction and assembly tool for noisy long reads, which achieves a high level of accuracy in genome assembly. We apply NextDenovo to assemble 35 diverse human genomes from around the world using Nanopore long-read data. These genomes allow us to identify the landscape of segmental duplication and gene copy number variation in modern human populations. The use of NextDenovo should pave the way for population-scale long-read assembly using Nanopore long-read data.

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the HD-ZIP gene family in kiwifruit.

The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) gene family plays a pivotal role in plant development and stress responses. Nevertheless, a comprehensive characterization of the HD-Zip gene family in kiwifruit has been lacking. In this study, we have systematically identified 70 HD-Zip genes in the Actinidia chinensis (Ac) genome and 55 in the Actinidia eriantha (Ae) genome. These genes have been categorized into four subfamilies (HD-Zip I, II, III, and IV) through rigorous phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of synteny patterns and selection pressures has provided insights into how whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental may have contributed to the divergence in gene numbers between these two kiwifruit species, with duplicated gene pairs undergoing purifying selection. Furthermore, our study has unveiled tissue-specific expression patterns among kiwifruit HD-Zip genes, with some genes identified as key regulators of kiwifruit responses to bacterial canker disease and postharvest processes. These findings not only offer valuable insights into the evolutionary and functional characteristics of kiwifruit HD-Zips but also shed light on their potential roles in plant growth and development.

Dual-layer conduit containing VEGF-A - Transfected Schwann cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via angiogenesis.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) can cause neuropathies and significantly affect the patient's quality of life. Autograft transplantation is the gold standard for conventional treatment; however, its application is limited by nerve unavailability, size mismatch, and local tissue adhesion. Tissue engineering, such as nerve guidance conduits, is an alternative and promising strategy to guide nerve regeneration for peripheral nerve repair; however, only a few conduits could reach the high repair efficiency of autografts. The healing process of PNI is frequently accompanied by not only axonal and myelination regeneration but also angiogenesis, which initializes nerve regeneration through vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). In this study, a composite nerve conduit with a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) hollow tube as the outer layer and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) encapsulated with VEGF-A transfected Schwann cells (SCs) as the inner layer was established to evaluate its promising ability for peripheral nerve repair. A rat model of peripheral nerve defect was used to examine the efficiency of PLGA/GelMA-SC (VA) conduits, whereas autograft, PLGA, PLGA/GelMA, and PLGA/GelMA-SC (NC) were used as controls. VEGF-A-transfected SCs can provide a stable source for VEGF-A secretion. Furthermore, encapsulation in GelMA cannot only promote proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells but also enhance dorsal root ganglia and neuronal cell extension. Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the regenerative effects of PLGA/GelMA-SC (VA) nerve conduit were similar to those of autografts and much better than those of other conduits. These findings indicate that combination of VEGF-A-overexpressing SCs and PLGA/GelMA conduit-guided peripheral nerve repair provides a promising method that enhances angiogenesis and regeneration during nerve repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nerve guidance conduits shows promise for peripheral nerve repair, while achieving the repair efficiency of autografts remains a challenge. In this study, a composite nerve conduit with a PLGA hollow tube as the outer layer and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) encapsulated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-transfected Schwann cells (SCs) as the inner layer was established to evaluate its potential ability for peripheral nerve repair. This approach preserves growth factor bioactivity and enhances material properties. GelMA insertion promotes Schwann cell proliferation and morphology extension. Moreover, transfected SCs serve as a stable VEGF-A source and fostering angiogenesis. This study offers a method preserving growth factor efficacy and safeguarding SCs, providing a comprehensive solution for enhanced angiogenesis and nerve regeneration.

De novo and somatic structural variant discovery with SVision-pro.

Long-read-based de novo and somatic structural variant (SV) discovery remains challenging, necessitating genomic comparison between samples. We developed SVision-pro, a neural-network-based instance segmentation framework that represents genome-to-genome-level sequencing differences visually and discovers SV comparatively between genomes without any prerequisite for inference models. SVision-pro outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, in particular, the resolving of complex SVs is improved, with low Mendelian error rates, high sensitivity of low-frequency SVs and reduced false-positive rates compared with SV merging approaches.

Vertical migration behavior simulation and prediction of Pb and Cd in co-contaminated soil around Pb-Zn smelting slag site.

Heavy metal migration in soil poses a serious threat to the soil and groundwater. Understanding the migration pattern of heavy metals (HMs) under different factors could provide a more reasonable position for pollution evaluation and targetoriented treatment of soil heavy metal. In this study, the migration behavior of Pb and Cd in co-contaminated soil under different pH and ionic strength (NaCl concentration) was simulated using convective dispersion equation (CDE). We predicted the migration trends of Pb and Cd in soils after 5, 10, and 20 years via PHREEQC. The results showed that the migration time of Cd in the soil column experiment was about 60 days faster than that of Pb, and the migration trend was much steeper. The CDE was proved to describe the migration behavior of Pb and Cd (R2 > 0.75) in soil. The predicted results showed that Cd migrated to 15-20 cm of soil within 7 years and Pb stayed mainly in the top 0-6 cm of soil within 5 years as the duration of irrigation increased. Overall, our study is expected to provide new insight into the migration of heavy metal in soil ecosystems and guidance for reducing risk of heavy metal in the environment.

Clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in patients with laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of proximal gastric cancer, laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy has been applied. However, reflux esophagitis often occurs after traditional esophagogastric anastomosis. In order to solve this problem, several methods of digestive tract reconstruction have emerged, but the most satisfying method remains to be discussed. Therefore, we modified traditional Kamikawa anastomosis to investigate the appropriate digestive tract reconstruction in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. AIM: To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Kamikawa anastomosis in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. METHODS: A retrospective case series was adopted. Clinicopathological data were collected from 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and modified Kamikawa anastomosis at our hospital from January 2020 to September 2022. The operation conditions, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients were successfully operated on without conversion to laparotomy. The duration of operation and digestive tract reconstruction were 203.500 (150-224) min and 87.500 (73-111) min, respectively. The intraoperative amount of bleeding was 20.500 mL ± 0.696 mL. The time of postoperative first flatus, the first postoperative fluid intake, and the postoperative length of stay were 2 (1-3) d, 4 (3-5) d, and 9 (8-10) d, respectively. All the patients were followed up for 12-23 months. The body mass index at 6 and 12 months after surgery were 22.577 kg/m2 ± 3.098 kg/m2 and 22.594 kg/m2 ± 3.207 kg/m2, respectively. The nutrition risk screening 2002 score, the patient-generated subjective global assessment score, and the gastroesophageal reflux disease scale score were good at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Reflux esophagitis and anastomotic stenosis were not observed in any of the patients during their 12-month postoperative gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal tract visits. All the patients exhibited no tumor recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSION: The modified Kamikawa anastomosis is safe and feasible for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and has good antireflux effects and nutritional status.

Sex-determining region Y gene promotes liver fibrosis and accounts for sexual dimorphism in its pathophysiology.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Men are more prone to develop and die from liver fibrosis than women. In this study, we aim to investigate how sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) in hepatocytes promotes liver fibrosis. METHODS: Hepatocyte-specific Sry knock-in (KI), Sry knockout (KO), and Sry KI with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfrα) KO mice were generated. Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by bile duct ligation for 2 weeks or carbon tetrachloride treatment for 6 weeks. In addition, primary hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and immortalized cell lines were used for in vitro studies and mechanistic investigation. RESULTS: Compared to females, the severity of toxin- or cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis is similarly increased in castrated and uncastrated male mice. Among all Y chromosome-encoded genes, SRY was the most significantly upregulated and consistently increased gene in fibrotic/cirrhotic livers in male patients and in mouse models. Sry KI mice developed exacerbated liver fibrosis, whereas Sry KO mice had alleviated liver fibrosis, compared to age- and sex-matched control mice after bile duct ligation or administration of carbon tetrachloride. Mechanistically, both our in vivo and in vitro studies illustrated that SRY in hepatocytes can transcriptionally regulate Pdgfrα expression, and promote HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) release and subsequent HSC activation. Pdgfrα KO or treatment with the SRY inhibitor DAX1 in Sry KI mice abolished SRY-induced HMGB1 secretion and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: SRY is a strong pro-fibrotic factor and accounts for the sex disparity observed in liver fibrosis, suggesting its critical role as a potentially sex-specific therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of the disease. IMPACT AND IMPLICATION: We identified that a male-specific gene, sex-determining region Y gene (SRY), is a strong pro-fibrotic gene that accounts for the sex disparity observed in liver fibrosis. As such, SRY might be an appropriate target for surveillance and treatment of liver fibrosis in a sex-specific manner. Additionally, SRY might be a key player in the sexual dimorphism observed in hepatic pathophysiology more generally.

Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with oxaliplatin and S-1 as neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: A phase II, single-arm study.

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with oxaliplatin plus S-1 in patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. METHODS: In this single-arm, phase II clinical trial, patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were enrolled to receive three cycles of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and oxaliplatin plus S-1 every 3 weeks, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant therapy with the same regimen. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) (ypT0) rate and secondary endpoints were R0 resection rate, total pCR (tpCR, ypT0N0) rate, major pathological response (MPR) rate, downstaging, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS: Between September, 2020 and January, 2022, a total of 29 patients were enrolled in the present study, all of whom completed neoadjuvant therapy and underwent surgery. Three (10.3%) (95% CI: 2.2-27.4) patients achieved pCR as well as tpCR, 20 (69.0%) patients had MPR and 28 (96.6%) patients achieved R0 resection. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) of any grade were observed in 24 (82.8%) patients. Immune-related adverse events of any grade were reported in 13 (44.8%) patients, whereas no grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: The neoadjuvant therapy with camrelizumab in combination with oxaliplatin and S-1 showed a modest pCR rate, and favorable MPR rate and safety profile in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for locally advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter randomized phase 2 trial.

Prospective evidence regarding the combination of programmed cell death (PD)-1 and angiogenesis inhibitors in treating locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is limited. In this multicenter, randomized, phase 2 trial (NCT04195828), patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (clinical T2-4N + M0) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib combined with nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 (CA-SAP) or chemotherapy SAP alone (SAP) for 3 cycles. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response (MPR), defined as <10% residual tumor cells in resection specimens. Secondary endpoints included R0 resection rate, radiologic response, safety, overall survival, and progression-free survival. The modified intention-to-treat population was analyzed (CA-SAP [n = 51] versus SAP [n = 53]). The trial has met pre-specified endpoints. CA-SAP was associated with a significantly higher MPR rate (33.3%) than SAP (17.0%, P = 0.044). The CA-SAP group had a significantly higher objective response rate (66.0% versus 43.4%, P = 0.017) and R0 resection rate (94.1% versus 81.1%, P = 0.042) than the SAP group. Nonsurgical grade 3-4 adverse events were observed in 17 patients (33.3%) in the CA-SAP group and 14 (26.4%) in the SAP group. Survival results were not reported due to immature data. Camrelizumab and apatinib combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant regimen was tolerable and associated with favorable responses for LAGC.

A nomogram for predicting lymph nodes metastasis at the inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer: a retrospective case-control study.

According to past and current literature, metastasis of the lymph nodes at the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA-LN), also known as 253LN of colorectal cancer has been seldom investigated. To date, there are still controversies on whether the 253LN need to be routinely cleaned. Using specific criteria, 347 patients who underwent radical resection for rectal cancer between April 2019 and July 2022 were selected for the study. Logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood that a patient may suffer 253LN metastasis, and a nomogram for 253LN metastasis subsequently developed. The c-index and calibration curve were used to evaluate precision and discrimination in the nomogram, and the appropriateness of the final nomogram for the clinical setting determined using decision curve analysis (DCA). 253LN metastases appeared in the pathological specimens of 29 (8.4%) of the selected patients. Logistic regression showed that preoperative parameters including serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) value ( > 5 ng / ml, OR = 2.894, P = 0.023), distance from anal margin (> 9 cm, OR = 2.406, P = 0.045) and degree of differentiation (poor, OR = 9.712, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 253LN metastasis. A nomogram to predict 253LN metastasis in rectal cancer was developed and showed considerable discrimination and good precision (c-index = 0.750). Furthermore, DCA confirmed that the nomogram has some feasibility for the clinical environment. Clinicopathological and radiological patient data can be pivotal for making surgical decisions relating to 253LN metastasis. A nomogram was developed using this data, providing an objective method that can significantly improve prognoses in colorectal cancer.

Open reduction and internal fixation of crescent fracture-dislocation: anterior or posterior approach?

INTRODUCTION: To date, the approach that prevails in the open reduction and internal fixation of crescent fracture-dislocations (CFD) remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of CFD treated via the anterior or posterior approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 64 cases of CFDs openly reduced through an anterior (group A, n = 31) or a posterior (group B, n = 33) approach were retrospectively analyzed. Functional results, reduction quality, residual displacements in the axial and coronal planes, pelvic asymmetry deformity, and correlations between Day's classification were compared. Complications and fracture union were also recorded. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. RESULTS: The functional scores were similar between the two groups, and all fractures achieved good or excellent reduction postoperatively. In the coronal plane, the excellent/good ratio in group B was higher than in group A. The mean residual displacement in the coronal plane was significantly higher in group A than in group B, with group A showing greater displacement in both planes for Day I fractures and in the coronal plane for Day II fractures. The residual displacement in both planes for Day III fractures was comparable between the groups. The pelvic asymmetry deformity was equal between the two groups and among the different Day's fracture types. CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and internal fixation of CFDs obtained satisfactory outcomes through an anterior or posterior approach. The posterior approach achieved a better sacroiliac joint reduction. The optimal indication for the posterior approach was a Day I fracture, followed by a Day II fracture. No correlation was found between the surgical approach and reduction quality in Day III fractures.

[Effect of Land Use on the Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in a Karst Region].

The composition of soil organic carbon and its stability mechanism are the key to understanding the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The stability of soil organic carbon in a karst ecosystem greatly affects the soil carbon fixation capacity. In order to understand the impact of human activities on the stability of soil organic carbon in karst areas, the karst valley area of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing was selected as an example, and soil samples of four typical land use modes (mixed forest, bamboo forest, grassland, and cultivated land) were collected in layers to analyze the total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC). The distribution characteristics of light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC) were analyzed quantitatively by using a structural equation model to provide basic data for soil carbon sink assessment and soil quality protection in karst areas. The results showed that the organic carbon components under different land use patterns in karst areas had obvious surface accumulation, and the content of organic carbon components in the surface layer was 1.2 times that in the bottom layer. Except for LFOC, the content of other organic carbon components was the highest in the mixed forest, followed by that in the bamboo forest and wasteland, with the lowest in cultivated land. Mixed forest ω(TOC) content was the highest, 42.5 g·kg-1, followed by that of bamboo forest (36.6 g·kg-1) and grassland (18.7 g·kg-1), and cultivated land content was the lowest, 13.4 g·kg-1. The soil organic carbon content of cultivated land was 68.5%, 63.5%, and 28.3% lower than that of mixed forest, bamboo forest, and grassland, respectively. Mixed forest had the highest content of ω(HFOC), 21 g·kg-1, followed by those of bamboo forest (20.9 g·kg-1), grassland (18.2 g·kg-1), and cultivated land (13.5 g·kg-1). The mixed forest ω(LOC) content was the highest, 16.3 g·kg-1, followed by those of bamboo forest (14.9 g·kg-1), grassland (11.5 g·kg-1), and cultivated land (5.3 g·kg-1). Mixed forest ω (ROC) content was the highest, 25.7 g·kg-1, followed by those of bamboo forest (21.6 g·kg-1), grassland (15.9 g·kg-1), and cultivated land (10.3 g·kg-1). The bamboo forest land ω(LFOC) content was 15.9 g·kg-1, followed by those of mixed forest (13.9 g·kg-1), grassland (7.3 g·kg-1), and cultivated land (4.9 g·kg-1). The recalcitrant organic carbon index (ROCI) was used to indicate the stability of soil organic carbon. The variation range of ROCI was 33.9%-64.5%, of which the highest was mixed forest (64.5%-66.3%), and the lowest was cultivated land (33.8%-39.6%). The ROCI of mixed forest, bamboo forest, and grassland were 1.8 times, 1.6 times, and 1.4 times that of cultivated land, respectively. Karst area ω (inert organic carbon) content and ROCI showed that human agricultural activities caused the reduction in soil organic carbon content and the destruction of soil physical structure, resulting in the accelerated decomposition and turnover rate of soil organic matter. The most important factor affecting soil stability in karst areas was soil pH. Tillage activities caused soil pH to rise, reduced soil microbial activity, and were not conducive to the accumulation of the inert organic carbon and soil organic carbon pool in the soil.

Artificial intelligence for segmentation and classification of lobar, lobular, and interstitial pneumonia using case-specific CT information.

Background: Pneumonia can be anatomically classified into lobar, lobular, and interstitial types, with each type associated with different pathogens. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to determine the anatomical classifications of pneumonia and assist in refining the differential diagnosis may offer a more viable and clinically relevant solution. This study aimed to develop a multi-classification model capable of identifying the occurrence of pneumonia in patients by utilizing case-specific computed tomography (CT) information, categorizing the pneumonia type (lobar, lobular, and interstitial pneumonia), and performing segmentation of the associated lesions. Methods: A total of 61 lobar pneumonia patients, 60 lobular pneumonia patients, and 60 interstitial pneumonia patients were consecutively enrolled at our local hospital from June 2020 and May 2022. All selected cases were divided into a training cohort (n=135) and an independent testing cohort (n=46). To generate the ground truth labels for the training process, manual segmentation and labeling were performed by three junior radiologists. Subsequently, the segmentations were manually reviewed and edited by a senior radiologist. AI models were developed to automatically segment the infected lung regions and classify the pneumonia. The accuracy of pneumonia lesion segmentation was analyzed and evaluated using the Dice coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to assess the efficacy of pneumonia classification. Results: Our AI model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.743 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.657-0.826] for lesion segmentation in the training set and 0.723 (95% CI: 0.602-0.845) in the test set. In the test set, our model achieved an accuracy of 0.927 (95% CI: 0.876-0.978), precision of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.827-0.951), sensitivity of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.827-0.951), specificity of 0.946 (95% CI: 0.902-0.990), and AUC of 0.989 (95% CI: 0.969-1.000) for pneumonia classification. We trained the model using labels annotated by senior physicians and compared it to a model trained using labels annotated by junior physicians. The Dice coefficient of the model's segmentation improved by 0.014, increasing from 0.709 (95% CI: 0.589-0.830) to 0.723 (95% CI: 0.602-0.845), and the AUC improved by 0.042, rising from 0.947 to 0.989. Conclusions: Our study presents a robust multi-task learning model with substantial promise in enhancing the segmentation and classification of pneumonia in medical imaging.